Corso di laurea in Infermieristica - Cuneo

Physical quantities.
Fundamental and derived quantities. Units of measurement. Measurement errors. Scalar and vector quantities.
Biomechanics
Hints of kinematics and principal motions. Principles of dynamics and examples of forces. Barycenter. Momentum of a force and equilibrium conditions of a rigid body. Work and energy. Mechanical power and efficiency. Kinetic and potential energy. Notes on elasticity and levers.
Electrical phenomena
Atomic model and electric charge. Electric force, field and potential difference. Electrical capacity and capacitors. Intensity of current. Conductors and insulators. Electrical resistance and Ohm's law. Electrical power. Mention of alternating currents.
Fluid mechanics.
Ideal and real fluids. Density and pressure. Flow rate and continuity equation. Bernoulli's theorem. Viscosity. Hagen-Poiseuille's law and hydrodynamic resistance. Applications to the cardiovascular system. Archimedes' principle. Notes on sedimentation/centrifugation and surface tension.
Gases
Moles and Avogadro's number. Temperature. Perfect gases. Partial pressures. Real gases and saturated vapor. Moisture. Solubility of gases. Applications to the respiratory system.
Solutions
Concentration. Diffusion. Osmosis. Physiological solutions.
Calorimetry, thermoregulation and metabolism.
Thermal dilatation. Heat and specific heat. Phase transformations. Conduction, convection and radiation. Metabolism and thermoregulation.
Waves. Elements of acoustics and optics.
Generalities about waves. Intensity and sound sensation. Human ear and audibility curve. Ultrasound.
Electromagnetic waves. Speed of light, refractive index and scattering of light. Reflection and refraction.

Definition of physiology and introductory concepts.
Composition and distribution of body fluids. The cell membrane and its functions. Transmembrane ion exchanges, active and passive transport systems. Osmosis. Resting, graded and action membrane potential. Intra- and inter-cellular propagation of electrical phenomena. Electrical and chemical synapses.
Physiology of muscle.
Structure and function of skeletal muscle: myofibrillar proteins and the sarcomere, excitation-contraction coupling, muscle contraction and transverse bridge cycle theory, muscle relaxation. Tension-length relationship. Muscle shock and tetanus. Motor units and recruitment.
Structure and function of smooth muscle: characteristics of smooth muscle fibrocellules, excitation-contraction coupling, the latch phenomenon, Classification of smooth muscle: unitary and silent unitary. Innervation of smooth muscle. Nervous and hormonal regulation of contraction. Smooth muscle fibrocelllula relaxation. Tonic and phasic contraction.
Physiology of the nervous system.
Central and peripheral nervous system. Sensory receptors. Principles of organization and function of sensory systems. Pain information and endogenous control of pain.
Physiology of the cardiovascular system.
Structure and functions of the cardiovascular system. The intrinsic properties of the myocardium (automaticity, conductivity, excitability and contractility). Pacemaker cells and the genesis of the action potential. The conduction system in the heart and the electrocardiogram. The onset of the action potential in the cardiomyocyte. Excitation-contraction coupling. Contraction and release of cardiomyocytes. The cardiac cycle, ventricular volumes and systolic jettisoning. The control of cardiac jettisoning. Regulation of cardiovascular function: intrinsic and extrinsic control. Cardiovascular pressure, flow and resistance. Short- and long-term pressure regulation.
Physiology of the respiratory system.
Structure, function and mechanisms of the respiratory system. Gas exchange and transport. Control of ventilation.
Physiology of the urinary system.
The nephron and the iuxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Secretion and reabsorption. Renal clearances. Urine formation and composition. Urine dilution and concentration and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Acidification of urine.
Physiology of the gastrointestinal system.
The functions of the gastrointestinal system: secretion, motility, digestion and absorption in the various tracts.
Physiology of the endocrine system.
Mechanism of action of the main hormones
Acid-base balance
Acidosis and basosis. Regulation of acid-base balance.

• The electromagnetic spectrum. Notes on sources of ionizing radiation and types of radiation.
• Organization of the radiological service.
• Traditional basal radiology.
• Contrast media.
• Computed tomography.
• Ultrasound and echodoppler.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.
• Vascular radiology.
• Nonvascular interventional radiology.
• Computed bone mineralometry.
• Senology. Pelvic floor study. Virtual colonoscopy.
• Covid Radiology.
• Definitions of absorbed, equivalent and effective dose, units and measurement techniques.
• Protection and its regulation.
• Mentions of nuclear medicine and radiation therapy.